5/12/15-
Study for tomorrow's test on Soil, Weathering, Erosion, and Deposition.
You should have your Study Guide with the answers that we went over in class. Please see the answers reproduced below.
MAKE SURE YOU BRING A WRITING INSTRUMENT: PEN OR PENCIL TO THE TEST!
Name ________________________
Class _________ Date ___________
Soil, Weathering,
Erosion, Deposition Study Guide
1. What
is soil made of?
Soil is made up
of sand, silt, clay, water, air and organic matter.
2. What
is weathering?
Breaking up of
rock into smaller pieces over time
3. What
are the two classes or types of weathering? Give examples of each.
Chemical (ex: acid rain, plant acids) and mechanical
(ex:temperature changes, ice wedging, animal action, plant action, etc.).
4. What
is erosion?
The movement of
weathered rock by wind, water, ice or gravity.
5. Glaciers:
a. What
is a glacier?
a large mass
of moving ice and snow.
b. Which
Earth Processes are caused by glaciers? and
Erosion; deposition when it melts.
c. How
can glaciers re-shape the land?
Erosion of walls
of mountains to create U-shaped valleys,also moraines (piles of soil, rock, debris left by a glacier. Ex: Long Island).
6. What
are agents (causes) of erosion are likely to act on the landforms shown
in the table below?
Tall
mountain (especially North)
Erosion from wind, ice/glaciers
|
Marsh
Erosion from flowing water, rain, flood
|
Hill
Erosion from flowing rain
water, wind, etc
|
Seaside Cliff
Erosion from ocean waves; rain
water flowing over the edge of the cliff.
|
Wide Valley
near rolling hills
Erosion from flowing water (any
river, rain from hills water collects over large area of hills and then flows
down hills into valley)
|
Plain near a River
Erosion from flowing water (flooding
river)
|
7. What
is deposition?
Deposition is when eroded soil, or
sediment, settles and piles up to enlarge or make new areas of land.
8. What
is a constructive force?
An Earth process
that builds up structures on land.
9. What
is a destructive force?
An Earth process that tears down earth
materials.
10. Distinguish
between weathering, erosion and deposition:
a. Can
you have deposition without erosion? Why
or why not?
No, because if
the material isn’t moved, then it can’t be collected to a certain spot.
Alternative answer: Deposition is when eroded soil, or
sediment, piles up to enlarge or make new areas of land. It is only soils that
have been eroded that pile up to make land, so you cannot have deposition
without erosion.
b. Can
you have erosion without weathering? Why
or why not?
No. Erosion is when weathered
rock gets carried away by wind, water, ice or gravity. Since
weathered rock is necessarily part of this process, erosion cannot happen
without weathering.
c. Which
Earth Process (weathering, erosion and/or deposition) is a constructive force?
Give an example of a landform that can be made by each constructive Earth
Process
Deposition is a
constructive force, because it makes new or expands existing land, such as
deltas, plains, glacial deposits (a/k/a moraines). Erosion can be constructive when it makes new
land forms such as canyons, beach.
d. Which
Earth Process (weathering, erosion and/or deposition) is a destructive force?
Give an example of a landform that can be taken down
by each destructive Earth Process
Weathering, the breakup of rock, is a destructive process. Erosion can be a
destructive force when it remove particles from land forms such as mountain, seasisde
cliff
11.
Fill out the table below to compare advantages
and disadvantages of building on certain Landforms:
Landform
|
Advantages (give two)
|
Disadvantages(give two)
|
Marsh
|
low, easy to access, easy to
fill in, no need to build protective structures.
|
Wet,loose soil, Structures built on
this may flood or sink. Some
erosion. Sediments deposited here may need to be redirected.
|
Hill
|
elevated areas make flooding
unlikely. Hilltops can be used to even out valleys.
|
Building on changing/ irregular
levels. Erosion, mudslides poss., low
rate of deposition; some homes are built on lower levels. Need to flatten
hills valleys.
|
Seaside
Cliff
|
No flooding. Built on erosion
resistant soil /earth materials.
|
Under attack from several
agents of erosion; undermining.
|
Wide Valley
near rolling hills
|
Building on flat lands, no need
to build protective structures.
|
Some erosion possible (water,
ice), mudslide, as is flooding from water washing down from hills.
|
Plain near a River
|
Building on flat lands, water
supply nearby, no protective structures.
|
Some erosion & weathering
flooding from water from hills mudslide,
|
Banks of a river
|
water
supply nearby, easy to level silt/clay sediments
for flat building surface
|
Non-absorbent soil. Flood over bFlood, sink, erosion likely.
|
Next to a beach
|
easy to level
|
Structures built on this may
flood or shift. Erosion likely.
|
Bottom
of hill near small Lake
|
|
Water can flood down hill.
Structures built on this may flood, mudslide, buried in sediments, Erosion.
|
12. How
does human activity, such as construction, affect the land?
Human activity tends to speed up earth processes.
