Analysis Questions for Elements and the Periodic Table.  Use the worksheet passed out in class. If you finished your worksheet in class (1st period class only), then do more work on your Element Project.

Science notebooks are being graded tonight or tomorrow. Be sure to have your science notebook in class or get a zero for 10% of your quarter grade!

Homework for 1/29/14
1) Work on Elements Project. 
2) (If you didn't already finish it and turn it in): Answer Analysis Questions 1-7 on p. B-33.
If you're wondering about number 4 (the data table), look at which column (family) each element is in.  If you know how many H bonds are formed by one of the elements (C, N, O) in that family, then you know how many H bonds are formed by the other elements in that family.

Tonight's Homework:
Answer Analysis Questions 1-7 on p. B-33.
If you're wondering about number 4 (the data table), look at which column (family) each element is in.  If you know how many H bonds are formed by one of the elements in that family, then you know how many H bonds are formed by the other elements in that family.

Hey -
Tonight's homework is:
Periods 5 & 6: work on your Element Project
Periods 1 & 2: Write 5  S.T.A.R. note questions on today's notes.

Monday study hall is almost full: if you want to get in on it, get your permission slip in this week.

Element Project  due Feb. 13, 2014. Choose your element by entering name & choice of element using: a) emailing me with your choice, or b) sign up sheet inside classroom door.

Make sure you decide on a 2nd or even 3rd choice, since your 1st choice may be taken before you can sign up.

The following elements are already chosen and can not be picked by other students in the same class:
 period 1: titanium, uranium, Lead
 period 2: Hydrogen, uranium,krypton, neon, silver, mercury, radium, calcium, helium.

Enjoy your early release day ! (and Snow Day??  We'll see tomorrow).

Announcements: 

1. Study skills presentation for next Monday's Study Hall: Keep Your Notes Alive.

2. Girls STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics) workshop is being held at the Ramapo New York Challenger Center on Thursday, Feb. 20 (during vacation).  Workshop is being sponsored by PBS (SciGirls) and the National Girls Collaborative.Ramapo is just over the Tappen Zee bridge, about 35 minutes from Stamford

Homework:

All classes: Copy the notes and vocab below into your science notebook. 

Also, Periods 1 and 2: Label the parts of the Atom diagram.  

Remember the "Pig's Nose" diagram from last week?  Protons have a positive charge (+). Electrons have a negative charge (-). Neutrons are neutral (n): in other words, they have no charge.

Periods 5 & 6: Answer all questions on worksheet: "3-1 What is an Element".

notes and vocab:

Date: Jan. 21, 2014

Families of Elements /

Obj: TSW:

·                     Compare and contrast the properties of metals, nonmetals & metalloids

·                     use the patterns in the Periodic Table to locate metals, nonmetals & metalloids and to predict the general characteristics of an element.

Big Idea:

·                     Elements are substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances. Elements make up everything around you. An element is a material made up of many, many atoms, but containing only one type of atom. This is why we say that elements are pure substances.

o    The atoms of each element have their own structure. "Structure" means how it's put together (number of Protons, Electrons and Neutrons). An atom's structure determines its properties.

o    There are 120 elements. We use the periodic table to organize elements and better understand them.  Advantages of the Periodic Table include:                                                     

a. organizes many elements into columns and rows;.............                                                          b. easy to find info: chemical symbols,atomic numbers and masses; .                                     c. can be used by all scientists, regardless of their language;  .                                                   d. can be modified whenever we find new elements;    .       
e. shows trends in properties of elements (ex: melting/boiling points, density, reactivity).

If there is more than one type of atom, then we have a combination of elements, which is either a mixture or a compound.

·                     Compounds are also pure substances. They are made up of molecules. Molecules are atoms combined in a certain ratio. Ex: H₂O, CO₂.

·                     Mixtures are elements and/or compounds combined in any ratio. Unlike pure substances, mixtures can be separated and identified using methods that use characteristic physical properties of the components (or parts). Examples:

·                     Filtering uses state of matter (solid, liquid, gas) and size; evaporation uses boiling point, and distillation uses different boiling points where we boil off substances that boil at lower temperatures; floating or settling uses differences in density; magnets use magnetic properties (for iron, cobalt or nickel).

Challenge: How can elements be grouped based on their physical and chemical properties?

Key words: (write words in science notebook, words & definitions go in vocab section):

o  Atom - each element is made up of smallest particles (atoms) that are unique to that element. Atoms are the building blocks of all matter.

o  Atomic mass - the mass of the smallest particle of the element.

o  Element - substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by heating it or causing it to react with other chemicals. An element is made up of many atoms, all of the same type.

o  Metal- category of elements with shiny surface, good conductivity, and flexibility (can be melted, fused, hammered into sheets or drawn into wires).

o  Family (of elements) - group of elements in a column of the PTE based on similar chemical properties.

o  Periodic Table of the Elements (PTE)- arrangement of elements into a table based on their properties.

 

Updates finished for tonight.  Some new items are shown below in red.

•Bring in two #2 pencils for Mid Term Exam on Friday Jan. 17

• Homework tonight: Review your District Study Guide (answers below)

Weather and atmosphere - 

Weather is conditions happening at a short time and small place. 

•Precipitation –Any form of water that falls from the sky. Ex: rain, snow, sleet, hail, freezing rain. 
•Condensation –change in state from gas to liquid, or the droplets of liquid formed from this process.

•Condense –    Act of condensing

•Evaporation –  Change in state from a liquid to a gas.

•Evaporate –  Act of evaporating 
*Gas – has no definite volume or shape 

•Liquid - has no definite shape but does have a definite volume . 

•Solid - has definite volume and shape  

*Phase change – change of state; where substance changes from one state to another.  Ex: melting, freezing

•Humidity –  amount of water vapor in the air.

•Air pressure – force of air on surfaces, caused by the weight the air above us. At sea level, air pressure is 14.7 lbs./in.2  Air Pressure decreases as altitude increases. Formula is: P= F/A

•Air mass – large body of air with same temperature, pressure, humidity throughout.

•Global Wind  -    moving air that lasts long and covers great distances.

•Land Breeze – warm air rises off the water, then cool air from over the land rushes in to its place.  SEE the LINK: .illustration of Land Breeze (you can also find an image of a Sea breeze, but you must scroll down)

 •Sea breeze - cooler air moves from over the water to over the land.

* Front - boundary or leading edge, where a cold or warm air mass meets another air mass of a different temperature. 
* Water Cycle - movement of water through air, land, waterways, and living things whch includes the evaporation, condensation, precipitation and collection segments.   
* Anemometer - instrument that measures wind speed.

* Thermometer - instrument that measures temperature.  
                            Remember: water freezes at 32oF or 0oC.
AQs: 

•What is the difference between weather and climate?

    Weather is the short term conditions in the atmosphere and climate is long term (30 years) conditions of temperature and precipitation.

•What causes wind?

    Uneven heating (which causes differences in air pressure, which causes winds).

•What are the atmospheric gases?

     Nitrogen (78%), oxygen (21%), argon, CO2, water vapor

•Describe the layers of the atmosphere:

    Troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere.

•Describe the different types of climate:

     Polar, severe, highland, tropical , mild, and dry.

•How do you read a weather map and its symbols?

•Warm front, cold front, high pressure, low pressure

What weather symbols do we see here? 

SMS: Key Vocabulary

•Mass – amount of matter in an object (g)

•Volume -  amount of space that something takes up (cm3, mL, Liters, )

•Density – amount of matter per unit volume

     D = m/v   50 g   25 mL  = 2 g/mL

•Displacement – Vfinal – Vinitial = displacement (the amount of water displaced equals the volume of the object submerged in the water.

•Mixtures – combination of materials that are physically combined

•Toxic - poisonous

•Flammable – catches on fire easily

•Corrosive – reacts with a solid- destroy clothes, metals, etc.

•How do you measure mass? 
  Triple Beam Balance 

•What methods can be used to separate mixtures?

    Use filters, screens, forceps, magnets, dropper, or evaporation

  •How do you calculate volume?

    2 ways: Measurement or displacement

a) Measurement method:

         V = L x W x H 

           ex: 4 cm x 2 cm x 3 cm = 16 cm3

b) Displacement method: to find the volume of an irregular object, drop it in water and subtract your starting volume from your final volume:

            Vfinal – Vinitial = V

* How do you calculate density?

     D = m/v  so if this cube’s mass is 32 g, then

           m/v = 32 g/ 16 cm3 = 2 g/cm3

•Luster –  shine

•Conductivity –  how well a material allows electricity (or heat) to pass through.

•What are examples of chemical and physical properties?
a) Physical properties can be observed or measured about an object without changing it into something else. Ex: color, texture, appearance, density, melting and boiling points, hardness, odor.
b) Chemical properties: to find out a substance’s chemical properties, you must react it with another substance, to see if it make a new substance. Ex: burning, rusting, corroding, flammability, reaction with acid or base, reaction with oxygen or water.

Periodic Table - Arrangement of elements into a table based on properties (atomic number).

Atom - the smallest particle of an element; each element is made up of atoms that are unique to that element. Atoms are the building blocks of all matter.

Atomic Number - the number of protons in each atom of an element.

Element - substance that can not be broken down into simpler substances by heating it or causing it to react with other chemicals. An element is made up of many atoms, all of the same type.


Compound - pure substances. They are made up of molecules. Molecules are atoms combined in a certain ratio. Ex: H2O, CO2.

What are similarities and differences between elements and compounds?

*similarities - both are pure forms of matter, made up only one kind of particles.
         *differences- elements are made of atoms, compounds are made of molecules. Atoms cannot be chemically broken down into any simpler substances, but compounds can be broken down into elements through chemical reaction.

Dilution - add water to a solution.

Concentration - a measure of how much solute is dissolved in a solution.

Density - mass per unit of volume. The density of water is 1 g/cm3

Solution - mixture in which one substance is evenly dissolved in another.

How do you make a serial dilution? Add 9 drops of water to one drop of solution. Then take 1 drop of the diluted solution, put it in another cup, add 9 drops of water. From this cup, put 1 drop of diluted solution into a 3rd cup and add 9 drops of water. Continue to dilute through a whole series of cups until the solution has been diluted to a very small concentration.