7th Graders: You have a Unit test. The Study Guide is below. It is a work in progress, as this is my first chance to sit down and finish working on it. I suggest that you print out the first page, and answer the questions in order.
Breaking News: Given how much material is in this Review Sheet, we're going to put the test off until Wednesday. You will have homework this weekend: reading and completing this review sheet. All of this will be graded at the time of the test, so please be sure to bring your work with you on Wednesday.
Name ______________________ Date _____________
Studying People Scientifically
Test Review Sheet –Grade 7
1. Fill in the blanks to name & define the steps of the traditional scientific method (see handout: Traditional Scientific Method & notes):
a) State the _____________ or question.
b) Propose an explanation, also known as the h___________, which is a _________ _________ that is written starting with the word “_ _ “ and using “_ _ _ _ “ in the middle.
c) Design an experiment, including _______________, which are the steps you plan to follow.
d) Collect _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ by making observations as you conduct an experiment. (hint: what do lawyers need to present in court?)
e) Analyze _ _ _ _, which can be _______________ (with numbers), or qualitative (___________ numbers).
f) Draw conclusions and, if necessary, revise and ____________the experiment.
2. What is a variable?
3. How many variables should you have in a well-designed experiment?
a) 1
b) 85
c) 117
d) 1,068
4. In sample size, what is better: a small group (like 3 people) or a large group (500)? _________ Why?
5. Think about an experiment to test whether Olgens’ new plant fertilizer helps plants grow more quickly. He set up 25 plants in a control group (got no fertilizer), and 25 plants in his group B, the Experimental group. Both groups got the same amount of sunlight, water, space, soil; but Group A got no fertilizer while Group B got Olgens’ new fertilizer. Using what you know from class and what you can get from the context of these facts, what is:
a. A control group?
b. An experimental group?
c. How many variables is Olgens changing between the 2 groups?
6. Gabby argues with her friends over what fast food store sells the best fries. To decide, she has written a problem: who makes the longest, and most potato-tasting, French fries: BQ, O’D’s, or Andy’s? Help her by answering EACH of the lettered parts below:
a. Gabby does not know about using "If...., then...." language when she writes a hypothesis, as you know from the first question on this review sheet. Which of the following would make a good start for her hypothesis (circle one choice below):
1). fries that are the longest and most potato flavored will be liked best;
2). fries that are the saltiest are the best;
3). too many fries are the best kind.
b. Now, Gabby has her problem and hypothesis. What’s the next thing she should do to get ready for her experiment?
c. Should Gabby measure the length of a few (2-10) French fires, a few hundred, or a few thousand to learn whose fries are longest, on average?
d. Which of the following data is quantitative: whose fries are the:
1). best;
2). most potato-tasting, or
3). longest?
7. Gabby argues with her friends over what fast food store sells the best fries. To decide, she has written a problem: who makes the longest, and most potato-tasting, French fries: BQ, O’D’s, or Andy’s?
a. She has her problem and hypothesis. What’s the next thing she should do to get ready for her experiment?
b. Should Gabby measure the length of a few (2-10) French fires, a few hundred, or a few thousand to learn whose fries are longest, on average?
c. Which of the following data is quantitative: whose fries are the:
i. best;
ii. most potato-tasting, or
iii. longest?
7. We’re hungry, sitting at Rippowam. Jaden says he’ll bike over and get lunch at one of the following places:
• Bull’s Head Diner 0.9 kilometers (km) away
• McDonalds on Bedford 4 km away
• Dairy Queen 3 km
• Garden Catering 2 km
• Chili Chicken 0.9 km
a. What is the range of distances to these restaurants? ______ to ________
b. For these distances, what is the median, mode, and mean (average) of these distances? ______
Breaking News: Given how much material is in this Review Sheet, we're going to put the test off until Wednesday. You will have homework this weekend: reading and completing this review sheet. All of this will be graded at the time of the test, so please be sure to bring your work with you on Wednesday.
While studying the water cycle, Andrew and Davidson want to know if adding energy (light) will make water evaporate faster. They each put 250 mL of water in four 500-mL beakers, and place beakers around the lab, some near the sunny windows, some near the drafty windows around the air conditioner, some on top of the air vents, and some in the dark closet. Andrew and Davidson checked and recorded the amount of water left in each beaker every day for 3 weeks.
8. How could Andrew and Davidson write their hypothesis?
a. Water evaporates more quickly if exposed to sunlight.
b. Water in a cool place will evaporate more quickly.
c. Water in a cool, dark place will turn cloudy.
d. Air from vents passing over the beaker will cool the water and make it evaporate less quickly.
9. Which of the following were not variables in Andrew and Davidson’s experiment?
a. The amount of water
b. Size of the beakers
c. Exposure to light
d. Using tap water or bottled water
10. In Andrew and Davidson’s experiment, which of the following factors were kept constant?
a. The amount of water in the beakers
b. Exposure to light
c. Using tap water or bottled water
d. None of the above
11. Did this experiment include a control, or not? __________Explain your answer with evidence.
Andrew and Davidson recorded the following data:
a. water near the sunny windows decreased by 30 mLs per day, and was gone in 9 days.
b. water near the drafty windows around the air conditioner decreased by 25 mLs per day, and was gone in 10 days.
c. water on top of the air vents decreased by 40 mLs per day, and was gone in 7 days.
d. water in the dark closet decreased by 15 mLs per day, and was gone in 17 days.
12. Make a data table using Andrew and Davidson’s recorded data.
13. Draw a conclusion: did putting energy (light) into the water make it evaporate most quickly? _______ Explain, using evidence from your data table.
14. How could Andrew and Davidson confirm their results?
a. Fewer trials
b. More trials
c. Smaller sample size
15. Risk vs. advantage: Medicines, like the simulation (lemonades) we tested, involve taking on a risk in exchange for gaining a possible advantage(cure or relief of symptoms). For example, Dr. Goldberger’s prisoners took risks (getting pellagra) and gave up advantages (possibly avoiding the disease) to gain an advantage (better diet for some, early release). Taking on risk and giving up something to get something else is a _____________.
16. Vocabulary words (Write in the definitions):
clinical trial -
Control group -
data -
disease-
dominant - usually the hand that you write with.
Ethics –
Evidence -
experimental group -
hypothesis -
Inference -
informed consent-
Observation -
placebo –
placebo effect-
qualitative -
quantitative -
range –
reproducible - able to be recreated and repeated.
sample size -
sensitivity - how much an organism or part will respond to stimulation.
simulate (simulation) -.
trade-offs –
variable - any factor that could affect the results of an experiment.
Experiments should be designed to allow only one factor to change,
so we can see how it affects the result. Ex: Dr. Goldberger reduced
variables by limiting prisoners to a diet of corn until many of them
developed pellagra.
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