Tuesday, May 12, 2015

5/12/15-
Study for tomorrow's test on Soil, Weathering, Erosion, and Deposition.  

You should have your Study Guide with the answers that we went over in class. Please see the answers reproduced below.

MAKE SURE YOU BRING A WRITING INSTRUMENT: PEN OR PENCIL TO THE TEST!


Name ________________________ Class _________ Date ___________

Soil, Weathering, Erosion, Deposition Study Guide

1.     What is soil made of?
        Soil is made up of sand, silt, clay, water, air and organic matter.

2.     What is weathering?
Breaking up of rock into smaller pieces over time

3.     What are the two classes or types of weathering? Give examples of each.
Chemical (ex: acid rain, plant acids) and mechanical (ex:temperature changes, ice wedging, animal action, plant action, etc.).

4.     What is erosion?
The movement of weathered rock by wind, water, ice or gravity.

5.     Glaciers:

a.       What is a glacier?
                           a large mass of moving ice and snow.

b.      Which Earth Processes are caused by glaciers? and
             Erosion; deposition when it melts.

c.       How can glaciers re-shape the land?
                      Erosion of walls of mountains to create U-shaped valleys,also moraines (piles of soil, rock, debris left by a glacier.  Ex: Long Island).

 
6.     What are agents (causes) of erosion are likely to act on the landforms shown in the table below?

Tall mountain (especially North)
Erosion from wind, ice/glaciers
Marsh
Erosion from flowing water, rain, flood
Hill
Erosion from flowing rain water, wind, etc
Seaside Cliff
Erosion from ocean waves; rain water flowing over the edge of the cliff.
Wide Valley near rolling hills
Erosion from flowing water (any river, rain from hills water collects over large area of hills and then flows down hills into valley)
Plain near a River
Erosion from flowing water (flooding river)


         7.     What is deposition?

Deposition is when eroded soil, or sediment, settles and piles up to enlarge or make new areas of land.

8.     What is a constructive force?

An Earth process that builds up structures on land.

9.     What is a destructive force?

An Earth process that tears down earth materials.

 
10.  Distinguish between weathering, erosion and deposition:

a.       Can you have deposition without erosion?  Why or why not?
No, because if the material isn’t moved, then it can’t be collected to a certain spot. 
Alternative answer: Deposition is when eroded soil, or sediment, piles up to enlarge or make new areas of land. It is only soils that have been eroded that pile up to make land, so you cannot have deposition without erosion.

b.      Can you have erosion without weathering?  Why or why not?
        No. Erosion is when weathered rock gets carried away by wind, water, ice or gravity. Since weathered rock is necessarily part of this process, erosion cannot happen without weathering.

c.       Which Earth Process (weathering, erosion and/or deposition) is a constructive force? Give an example of a landform that can be made by each constructive Earth Process
Deposition is a constructive force, because it makes new or expands existing land, such as deltas, plains, glacial deposits (a/k/a moraines).  Erosion can be constructive when it makes new land forms such as canyons, beach.

d.      Which Earth Process (weathering, erosion and/or deposition) is a destructive force? Give an example of a landform that can be taken down  by each destructive Earth Process
Weathering, the breakup of rock, is a destructive process. Erosion can be a destructive force when it remove particles from land forms such as mountain, seasisde cliff

11.  Fill out the table below to compare advantages and disadvantages of building on certain Landforms:

Landform
Advantages (give two)
Disadvantages(give two)
Marsh
 
 
 
low, easy to access, easy to fill in, no need to build protective structures.
Wet,loose soil, Structures built on this may flood or sink. Some erosion. Sediments deposited here may need to be redirected.
Hill
 
 
 
 elevated areas make flooding unlikely. Hilltops can be used to even out valleys.
Building on changing/ irregular levels.  Erosion, mudslides poss., low rate of deposition; some homes are built on lower levels. Need to flatten hills valleys.
Seaside Cliff
 
 

No flooding. Built on erosion resistant soil /earth materials.
Under attack from several agents of erosion; undermining.
Wide Valley near rolling hills
 
 
 
Building on flat lands, no need to build protective structures.
Some erosion possible (water, ice), mudslide, as is flooding from water washing down from hills. 
Plain near a River
 
 
 
Building on flat lands, water supply nearby, no protective structures.
Some erosion & weathering flooding from water from hills mudslide,
Banks of a river
 
 
 
water supply nearby, easy to level silt/clay sediments for flat building surface
Non-absorbent soil. Flood over bFlood, sink, erosion likely.
Next to a beach
 
 
 
easy to level
Structures built on this may flood or shift. Erosion likely.
Bottom of hill near small Lake
 
 
 
Water can flood down hill. Structures built on this may flood, mudslide, buried in sediments, Erosion.

 

12.  How does human activity, such as construction, affect the land? 

Human activity tends to speed up earth processes.

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