•Bring in two #2 pencils for Mid Term Exam on Friday Jan. 17
•
Homework tonight: Review your District Study Guide (answers below)
Weather and atmosphere -
Weather is conditions happening at a short time and small place.
Weather is conditions happening at a short time and small place.
•Precipitation –Any
form of water that falls from the sky. Ex: rain, snow, sleet, hail, freezing
rain.
•Condensation –change in state from gas to liquid, or the droplets of liquid formed from this process.
•Condensation –change in state from gas to liquid, or the droplets of liquid formed from this process.
•Condense – Act of condensing
•Evaporation – Change in state from a liquid to a gas.
•Evaporate – Act of evaporating
*Gas – has no definite volume or shape
*Gas – has no definite volume or shape
•Liquid -
has no definite shape but does have a definite volume .
•Solid -
has definite volume and shape
*Phase
change –
change of state; where substance changes from one state to another. Ex: melting, freezing
•Humidity – amount of water vapor in the air.
•Air
pressure
– force
of air on surfaces, caused
by the weight the air above us. At
sea level, air pressure is 14.7 lbs./in.2 Air
Pressure decreases as altitude increases. Formula
is: P= F/A
•Air
mass –
large body of air with same temperature, pressure, humidity throughout.
•Global
Wind - moving air that lasts long and covers great
distances.
•Land
Breeze – warm air rises off the water, then cool air
from over the land rushes in to its place. SEE the LINK: .illustration of Land Breeze (you can also find an image of a Sea breeze, but you must scroll down)
•Sea
breeze - cooler
air moves from over the water to over the land.
* Front - boundary
or leading edge, where a cold or warm air mass meets another air mass of a different
temperature.
* Water Cycle - movement of water through air, land, waterways, and living things whch includes the evaporation, condensation, precipitation and collection segments.
* Anemometer - instrument that measures wind speed.
* Thermometer - instrument that measures temperature.
Remember: water freezes at 32oF or 0oC.
AQs:
* Water Cycle - movement of water through air, land, waterways, and living things whch includes the evaporation, condensation, precipitation and collection segments.
* Anemometer - instrument that measures wind speed.
* Thermometer - instrument that measures temperature.
Remember: water freezes at 32oF or 0oC.
AQs:
•What
is the difference between weather and climate?
Weather is the short term conditions in
the atmosphere and climate is long term (30 years) conditions of temperature
and precipitation.
•What
causes wind?
Uneven heating (which causes differences in air
pressure, which causes winds).
•What
are the atmospheric gases?
Nitrogen (78%), oxygen
(21%), argon, CO2, water vapor
•Describe
the layers of the atmosphere:
Troposphere,
stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere.
•Describe
the different types of climate:
Polar, severe, highland, tropical , mild,
and dry.
•How
do you read a weather map and its symbols?
•Warm front, cold front, high pressure,
low pressure
What
weather symbols do we see here?
SMS: Key Vocabulary
•What are examples of chemical and physical properties?
a) Physical properties can be observed or measured about an object without changing it into something else. Ex: color, texture, appearance, density, melting and boiling points, hardness, odor.
b) Chemical properties: to find out a substance’s chemical properties, you must react it with another substance, to see if it make a new substance. Ex: burning, rusting, corroding, flammability, reaction with acid or base, reaction with oxygen or water.
Periodic Table - Arrangement of elements into a table based on properties (atomic number).
Atom - the smallest particle of an element; each element is made up of atoms that are unique to that element. Atoms are the building blocks of all matter.
Atomic Number - the number of protons in each atom of an element.
Element - substance that can not be broken down into simpler substances by heating it or causing it to react with other chemicals. An element is made up of many atoms, all of the same type.
Compound - pure substances. They are made up of molecules. Molecules are atoms combined in a certain ratio. Ex: H2O, CO2.
What are similarities and differences between elements and compounds?
*similarities - both are pure forms of matter, made up only one kind of particles.
*differences- elements are made of atoms, compounds are made of molecules. Atoms cannot be chemically broken down into any simpler substances, but compounds can be broken down into elements through chemical reaction.
Dilution - add water to a solution.
Concentration - a measure of how much solute is dissolved in a solution.
Density - mass per unit of volume. The density of water is 1 g/cm3
Solution - mixture in which one substance is evenly dissolved in another.
How do you make a serial dilution? Add 9 drops of water to one drop of solution. Then take 1 drop of the diluted solution, put it in another cup, add 9 drops of water. From this cup, put 1 drop of diluted solution into a 3rd cup and add 9 drops of water. Continue to dilute through a whole series of cups until the solution has been diluted to a very small concentration.
SMS: Key Vocabulary
•Mass –
amount of matter in an object (g)
•Volume
- amount of space that something takes
up (cm3, mL, Liters, )
•Density –
amount of matter per unit volume
D = m/v
50 g 25 mL = 2 g/mL
•Displacement – Vfinal
– Vinitial
= displacement (the amount of water displaced equals the volume of the object submerged in the water.
•Mixtures –
combination of materials that are physically combined
•Toxic -
poisonous
•Flammable –
catches on fire easily
•Corrosive –
reacts with a solid- destroy clothes, metals, etc.
•How
do you measure mass?
Triple Beam Balance
•What methods can be used to separate mixtures?
•How
do you calculate volume?
Triple Beam Balance
•What methods can be used to separate mixtures?
Use
filters, screens, forceps, magnets, dropper, or evaporation
2 ways: Measurement or displacement
a) Measurement
method:
V = L x W x H
ex:
4 cm x 2 cm x 3 cm = 16 cm3
b) Displacement
method: to find the volume of
an irregular object, drop it in water and subtract your starting volume from your final volume:
Vfinal – Vinitial = V
* How do you calculate density?
D = m/v so
if this cube’s mass is 32 g, then
m/v = 32 g/ 16 cm3
= 2 g/cm3
•Luster – shine
•Conductivity – how well a material allows electricity (or heat) to pass through.
•What are examples of chemical and physical properties?
a) Physical properties can be observed or measured about an object without changing it into something else. Ex: color, texture, appearance, density, melting and boiling points, hardness, odor.
b) Chemical properties: to find out a substance’s chemical properties, you must react it with another substance, to see if it make a new substance. Ex: burning, rusting, corroding, flammability, reaction with acid or base, reaction with oxygen or water.
Periodic Table - Arrangement of elements into a table based on properties (atomic number).
Atom - the smallest particle of an element; each element is made up of atoms that are unique to that element. Atoms are the building blocks of all matter.
Atomic Number - the number of protons in each atom of an element.
Element - substance that can not be broken down into simpler substances by heating it or causing it to react with other chemicals. An element is made up of many atoms, all of the same type.
Compound - pure substances. They are made up of molecules. Molecules are atoms combined in a certain ratio. Ex: H2O, CO2.
What are similarities and differences between elements and compounds?
*similarities - both are pure forms of matter, made up only one kind of particles.
*differences- elements are made of atoms, compounds are made of molecules. Atoms cannot be chemically broken down into any simpler substances, but compounds can be broken down into elements through chemical reaction.
Dilution - add water to a solution.
Concentration - a measure of how much solute is dissolved in a solution.
Density - mass per unit of volume. The density of water is 1 g/cm3
Solution - mixture in which one substance is evenly dissolved in another.
How do you make a serial dilution? Add 9 drops of water to one drop of solution. Then take 1 drop of the diluted solution, put it in another cup, add 9 drops of water. From this cup, put 1 drop of diluted solution into a 3rd cup and add 9 drops of water. Continue to dilute through a whole series of cups until the solution has been diluted to a very small concentration.
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