Enjoy your early release day ! (and Snow Day??  We'll see tomorrow).

Announcements: 

1. Study skills presentation for next Monday's Study Hall: Keep Your Notes Alive.

2. Girls STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics) workshop is being held at the Ramapo New York Challenger Center on Thursday, Feb. 20 (during vacation).  Workshop is being sponsored by PBS (SciGirls) and the National Girls Collaborative.Ramapo is just over the Tappen Zee bridge, about 35 minutes from Stamford

Homework:

All classes: Copy the notes and vocab below into your science notebook. 

Also, Periods 1 and 2: Label the parts of the Atom diagram.  

Remember the "Pig's Nose" diagram from last week?  Protons have a positive charge (+). Electrons have a negative charge (-). Neutrons are neutral (n): in other words, they have no charge.

Periods 5 & 6: Answer all questions on worksheet: "3-1 What is an Element".

notes and vocab:

Date: Jan. 21, 2014

Families of Elements /

Obj: TSW:

·                     Compare and contrast the properties of metals, nonmetals & metalloids

·                     use the patterns in the Periodic Table to locate metals, nonmetals & metalloids and to predict the general characteristics of an element.

Big Idea:

·                     Elements are substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances. Elements make up everything around you. An element is a material made up of many, many atoms, but containing only one type of atom. This is why we say that elements are pure substances.

o    The atoms of each element have their own structure. "Structure" means how it's put together (number of Protons, Electrons and Neutrons). An atom's structure determines its properties.

o    There are 120 elements. We use the periodic table to organize elements and better understand them.  Advantages of the Periodic Table include:                                                     

a. organizes many elements into columns and rows;.............                                                          b. easy to find info: chemical symbols,atomic numbers and masses; .                                     c. can be used by all scientists, regardless of their language;  .                                                   d. can be modified whenever we find new elements;    .       
e. shows trends in properties of elements (ex: melting/boiling points, density, reactivity).

If there is more than one type of atom, then we have a combination of elements, which is either a mixture or a compound.

·                     Compounds are also pure substances. They are made up of molecules. Molecules are atoms combined in a certain ratio. Ex: H₂O, CO₂.

·                     Mixtures are elements and/or compounds combined in any ratio. Unlike pure substances, mixtures can be separated and identified using methods that use characteristic physical properties of the components (or parts). Examples:

·                     Filtering uses state of matter (solid, liquid, gas) and size; evaporation uses boiling point, and distillation uses different boiling points where we boil off substances that boil at lower temperatures; floating or settling uses differences in density; magnets use magnetic properties (for iron, cobalt or nickel).

Challenge: How can elements be grouped based on their physical and chemical properties?

Key words: (write words in science notebook, words & definitions go in vocab section):

o  Atom - each element is made up of smallest particles (atoms) that are unique to that element. Atoms are the building blocks of all matter.

o  Atomic mass - the mass of the smallest particle of the element.

o  Element - substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by heating it or causing it to react with other chemicals. An element is made up of many atoms, all of the same type.

o  Metal- category of elements with shiny surface, good conductivity, and flexibility (can be melted, fused, hammered into sheets or drawn into wires).

o  Family (of elements) - group of elements in a column of the PTE based on similar chemical properties.

o  Periodic Table of the Elements (PTE)- arrangement of elements into a table based on their properties.